chapter 12

Achtziger, A., Gollwitzer, P.M., & Sheeran, P. (2008). Implementation intentions and shielding goal striving from unwanted thoughts and feelings. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 381-393. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167207311201

Ackermann, S.P., Raab, M., Backschat, S., Smith, D.J.C., Javelle, F., & Laborde, S. (2023). The diving response and cardiac vagal activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychophysiology, 60(3), e14183. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.14183

Balzarotti, S., Biassoni, F., Colombo, B., & Ciceri, M.R. (2017). Cardiac vagal control as a marker of emotion regulation in healthy adults: A review. Biological Psychology, 130, 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.10.008

Beevor, H.J., Ginty, A.T., Veldhuijzen van Zanten, J., & Williams, S.E. (2024). Mastery imagery ability moderates the relationship between heart rate reactivity to acute psychological stress and perceptions of stress and physiological arousal. Psychophysiology, 61(4), e14486. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.14486

Bellomo, E., Cooke, A., Gallicchio, G., Ring, C., & Hardy, J. (2020). Mind and body: Psychophysiological profiles of instructional and motivational self-talk. Psychophysiology, 57(9), e13586. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13586

Bernardi, N.F., Bordino, M., Bianchi, L., & Bernardi, L. (2017). Acute fall and long-term rise in oxygen saturation in response to meditation. Psychophysiology, 54(12), 1951-1966. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12972

Bornemann, B., & Singer, T. (2017). Taking time to feel our body: Steady increases in heartbeat perception accuracy and decreases in alexithymia over 9 months of contemplative mental training. Psychophysiology, 54(3), 469-482. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12790

Bouthiller, E., & Lautenbach, F. (2025). Implementing pressure on athletes during training: a scoping review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2025.2578781

Brown, L., Rando, A.A., Eichel, K., Van Dam, N.T., Celano, C.M., Huffman, J.C., & Morris, M.E. (2021). The effects of mindfulness and meditation on vagally mediated heart rate variability: A meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 83(6), 631-640. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000900

Chang, C. (2022). Being inspired by media content: Psychological processes leading to inspiration. Media Psychology,26(1), 72-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2022.2097927

Chen, X., Chen, T.J., Yun, F., Huang, Y.Y., & Li, J. (2014). Effect of repetitive end-inspiration breath holding on very short-term heart rate variability in healthy humans. Physiological Measurement, 35(12), 2429-2445. https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/35/12/2429

Choi, H., Cha, Y., McCullough, M.E., Coles, N.A., & Oishi, S. (2025). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of gratitude interventions on well-being across cultures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 122(28), e2425193122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2425193122

Cohn, P. (n.d.). What you can learn from Olympic athletes' mental game. Peak Performance Sports.Retrieved February 24, 2026, from https://www.peaksports.com/sports-psychology-blog/what-your-can-learn-from-olympic-athletes-mental-game/

Cotterill, S. (2010). Pre-performance routines in sport: Current understanding and future directions. International Review of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 3, 132-153.

Cregg, D.R., & Cheavens, J.S. (2020). Gratitude interventions: Effective self-help? A meta-analysis of the impact on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(1), 413-445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00236-6

Davis, L., Keegan, R.J., & Jowett, S. (2025). Social psychology in sport (2nd ed.). Human Kinetics.

Delleli, S., Ouergui, I., Ballmann, C.G., Messaoudi, H., Trabelsi, K., Ardigo, L.P., & Chtourou, H. (2023). The effects of pre-task music on exercise performance and associated psycho-physiological responses: A systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis of controlled studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1293783. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1293783

Denson, T.F., Grisham, J.R., & Moulds, M.L. (2011). Cognitive reappraisal increases heart rate variability in response to an anger provocation. Motivation and Emotion, 35, 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-011-9201-5

Di Bello, M., Carnevali, L., Petrocchi, N., Thayer, J.F., Gilbert, P., & Ottaviani, C. (2020). The compassionate vagus: A meta-analysis on the connection between compassion and heart rate variability. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,116, 21-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.016

Feruglio, S., Matiz, A., Pagnoni, G., Fabbro, F., & Crescentini, C. (2021). The impact of mindfulness meditation on the wandering mind: A systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 131, 313-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.032

Figgins, S.G., Smith, M.J., Sellars, C.N., Greenlees, I.A., & Knight, C.J. (2016). "You really could be something quite special": A qualitative exploration of athletes' experiences of being inspired in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise,24, 82-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.01.011

Fincham, G.W., Kartar, A., Uthaug, M.V., Anderson, B., Hall, L., Nagai, Y., Critchley, H., & Colasanti, A. (2023). High ventilation breathwork practices: An overview of their effects, mechanisms, and considerations for clinical applications. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 155, 105453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105453

Foster, G.E., & Sheel, A.W. (2005). The human diving response, its function, and its control. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 15(1), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00440.x

Fritsch, J., Feil, K., Jekauc, D., Latinjak, A.T., & Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2022). The relationship between self-talk and affective processes in sports: A scoping review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 482-515. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2021.2021543

Gabana, N.T., Wong, Y.J., D'Addario, A., & Chow, G.M. (2020). The Athlete Gratitude Group (TAGG): Effects of coach participation in a positive psychology intervention with youth athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 34(2), 229-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2020.1809551

Gerritsen, R.J.S., & Band, G.P.H. (2018). Breath of life: The respiratory vagal stimulation model of contemplative activity. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, 397. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00397

Giraldo Giraldo, B.F., Ferre Lopez, D., & Sola-Soler, J. (2023). Analysis of heart rate variability during the performance of the Wim Hof method in healthy subjects. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society, 2023, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340840

Gollwitzer, P.M., & Sheeran, P. (2006). Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes. In M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 38, pp. 69-119). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1013/s0065-2601(06)38002-1

Gonzalez, S.P., Metzler, J.N., & Newton, M. (2011). The influence of a simulated 'pep talk' on athlete inspiration, situational motivation, and emotion. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 6(3), 445-459. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.6.3.445

Gronau, Q.F., Van Erp, S., Heck, D.W., Cesario, J., Jonas, K.J., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2017). A Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis of the power pose effect with informed and default priors: The case of felt power. Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology, 2(1), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2017.1326760

Gross, D., & Kohlmann, C.W. (2021). Increasing heart rate variability through progressive muscle relaxation and breathing: A 77-day pilot study with daily ambulatory assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11357. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111357

Gross, J.J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 224-237.

Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., Galanis, E., & Theodorakis, Y. (2011). Self-talk and sports performance: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(4), 348-356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611413136

Hernandez, A. (2024, April 2). Teddy Riner : « Je doute tout le temps, je me remets toujours en question ». Le Monde. https://www.lemonde.fr/sport/article/2024/08/02/teddy-riner-je-doute-tout-le-temps-je-me-remets-toujours-en-question_6264727_3242.html

Hirsch, A., Bieleke, M., Schuler, J., & Wolff, W. (2020). Implicit theories about athletic ability modulate the effects of if-then planning on performance in a standardized endurance task. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2576. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072576

Howells, K., & Fitzallen, N. (2019). Enhancement of gratitude in the context of elite athletes: Outcomes and challenges. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 12(5), 781-798. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676x.2019.1679868

Hudson, J., & Day, M.C. (2012). Athletes' experiences of expressive writing about sports stressors. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(6), 798-806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.05.005

Iskra, M., Laborde, S., Salvotti, C., Weinand, E., Poppa, T., Raab, M., & Voigt, L. (2024). Fast-paced breathing interventions: testing the physiological effects on the autonomic nervous system. Poster presented at the Society for Psychophysiological Research 2024 Annual Meeting.

Jing, X., Wu, P., Liu, F., Wu, B., & Miao, D. (2011). Guided imagery, anxiety, heart rate, and heart rate variability during centrifuge training. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 82(2), 92-96. https://doi.org/10.3357/asem.2822.2011

Karageorghis, C.I., & Priest, D.L. (2012a). Music in the exercise domain: A review and synthesis (part I). International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5(1), 44-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2011.631026

Karageorghis, C.I., & Priest, D.L. (2012b). Music in the exercise domain: A review and synthesis (part II). International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5(1), 67-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2011.631027

Ketelhut, S., Querciagrossa, D., Bisang, X., Metry, X., Borter, E., & Nigg, C.R. (2023). The effectiveness of the Wim Hof method on cardiac autonomic function, blood pressure, arterial compliance, and different psychological parameters. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 17517. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44902-0

Koivula, N., Hassmén, P., & Fallby, J. (2002). Self-esteem and perfectionism in elite athletes: Effects on competitive anxiety and self-confidence. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(5), 865-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00092-7

Kok, B.E., Coffey, K.A., Cohn, M.A., Catalino, L.I., Vacharkulksemsuk, T., Algoe, S.B., Brantley, M., & Fredrickson, B.L. (2013). How positive emotions build physical health: Perceived positive social connections account for the upward spiral between positive emotions and vagal tone. Psychological Science, 24, 1123-1132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612470827

Kok, B.E., & Fredrickson, B.L. (2010). Upward spirals of the heart: Autonomic flexibility, as indexed by vagal tone, reciprocally and prospectively predicts positive emotions and social connectedness. Biological Psychology, 85(3), 432-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.09.005

Kox, M., van Eijk, L.T., Zwaag, J., van den Wildenberg, J., Sweep, F.C., van der Hoeven, J.G., & Pickkers, P. (2014). Voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system and attenuation of the innate immune response in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 111(20), 7379-7384. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1322174111

Kreibig, S.D. (2010). Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review. Biological Psychology, 84, 394-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.010

Kvadsheim, E., Sorensen, L., Fasmer, O.B., Osnes, B., Haavik, J., Williams, D.P., Thayer, J.F., & Koenig, J. (2022). Vagally mediated heart rate variability, stress, and perceived social support: A focus on sex differences. Stress, 25(1), 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2022.2043271

Laborde, S., Allen, M.S., Borges, U., Dosseville, F., Hosang, T.J., Iskra, M., Mosley, E., Salvotti, C., Spolverato, L., Zammit, N., & Javelle, F. (2022). Effects of voluntary slow breathing on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 138, 104711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104711

Laborde, S., Allen, M.S., Borges, U., Hosang, T.J., Furley, P., Mosley, E., & Dosseville, F. (2021). The influence of slow-paced breathing on executive function. Journal of Psychophysiology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000279

Laborde, S., Allen, M.S., Borges, U., Iskra, M., Zammit, N., You, M., Hosang, T., Mosley, E., & Dosseville, F. (2021). Psychophysiological effects of slow-paced breathing at six cycles per minute with or without heart rate variability biofeedback. Psychophysiology, 59(1), e13952. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13952

Laborde, S., Heuer, S., & Mosley, E. (2018). Effects of a brief hypnosis relaxation induction on subjective psychological states, cardiac vagal activity, and breathing frequency. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,66(4), 386-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2018.1494449

Laborde, S., Hosang, T., Mosley, E., & Dosseville, F. (2019). Influence of a 30-day slow paced breathing intervention compared to social media use on subjective sleep quality and cardiac vagal activity. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(2), 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020193

Laborde, S., Lentes, T., Hosang, T.J., Borges, U., Mosley, E., & Dosseville, F. (2019). Influence of slow-paced breathing on inhibition after physical exertion. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1923. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01923

Laborde, S., Mosley, E., & Ueberholz, L. (2018). Enhancing cardiac vagal activity: Factors of interest for sport psychology. Progress in Brain Research, 240, 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.09.002

Laborde, S., & Raab, M. (2013). The tale of hearts and reason: The influence of mood on decision making. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 35, 339-357. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.4.339

Laborde, S., Strack, N., & Mosley, E. (2019). The influence of power posing on cardiac vagal activity. Acta Psychologica,199, 102899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102899

Laborde, S., Zammit, N., Iskra, M., Mosley, E., Borges, U., Allen, M.S., & Javelle, F. (2022). The influence of breathing techniques on physical sport performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(2), 1222-1277. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2022.2145573

Lalanza, J.F., Lorente, S., Bullich, R., Garcia, C., Losilla, J.M., & Capdevila, L. (2023). Methods for heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB): A systematic review and guidelines. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 48, 275-297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-023-09582-6

Lane, B., and R. Cohen. (2022, August 26). Serena Williams says she listens to 'Maniac' from 'Flashdance' as a pump up song before matches. Business Insider.https://www.businessinsider.com/serena-williams-listens-to-maniac-pump-up-song-before-matches-2022-8

Lane, R.D., McRae, K., Reiman, E.M., Chen, K.W., Ahern, G.L., & Thayer, J.F. (2009). Neural correlates of heart rate variability during emotion. NeuroImage, 44, 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.056

Lautenbach, F., Laborde, S., Mesagno, C., Lobinger, B.H., Achtzehn, S., & Arimond, F. (2015). Nonautomated pre-performance routine in tennis: An intervention study. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 27(2), 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2014.957364

Lin, I.M., Wang, S.Y., Fan, S.Y., Peper, E., Chen, S.P., & Huang, C.Y. (2020). A single session of heart rate variability biofeedback produced greater increases in heart rate variability than autogenic training. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 45(4), 343-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-020-09483-y

Lischke, A., Pahnke, R., Mau-Moeller, A., & Weippert, M. (2020). Heart rate variability modulates interoceptive accuracy. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 612445. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.612445

Lochbaum, M., Stoner, E., Hefner, T., Cooper, S., Lane, A.M., & Terry, P.C. (2022). Sport psychology and performance meta-analyses: A systematic review of the literature. PLoS ONE, 17(2), e0263408. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263408

Low, W.R., Sandercock, G.R.H., Freeman, P., Winter, M.E., Butt, J., & Maynard, I. (2021). Pressure training for performance domains: A meta-analysis. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 10(1), 149-163. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000202

Luo, X., Qiao, L., & Che, X. (2018). Self-compassion modulates heart rate variability and negative affect to experimentally induced stress. Mindfulness, 9(5), 1522-1528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0900-9

Martens, A., Greenberg, J., Allen, J.J.B., Hayes, J., Schimel, J., & Johns, M. (2010). Self-esteem and autonomic physiology: Self-esteem levels predict cardiac vagal tone. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 573-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.07.001

Miu, A.C., Heilman, R.M., & Miclea, M. (2009). Reduced heart rate variability and vagal tone in anxiety: Trait versus state, and the effects of autogenic training. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical, 145, 99-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2008.11.010

Mojtabavi, H., Saghazadeh, A., Valenti, V.E., & Rezaei, N. (2020). Can music influence cardiac autonomic system? A systematic review and narrative synthesis to evaluate its impact on heart rate variability. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 39, 101162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101162

Moran, A. (2004). Sport and exercise psychology: A critical introduction. Routledge.

Mosewich, A.D., Crocker, P.R., Kowalski, K.C., & Delongis, A. (2013). Applying self-compassion in sport: An intervention with women athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35(5), 514-524. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.5.514

Mosley, E., Duncan, S., Jones, K., Herklots, H., Kavanagh, E., & Laborde, S. (2023). A smartphone enabled slow-paced breathing intervention in dual career athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2023.2194256

Mosley, E., & Laborde, S. (2022). A scoping review of heart rate variability in sport and exercise psychology. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2022.2092884

Niemiec, R.M. (2020). Character strengths cinematherapy: Using movies to inspire change, meaning, and cinematic elevation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(8), 1447-1462. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22997

Ortega, E., & Wang, C.J.K. (2018). Pre-performance physiological state: Heart rate variability as a predictor of shooting performance. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 43(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-017-9386-9

Padilla, V.J., Scheffrahn, K., Muniz, V., Lorenz, T.K., & Elkins, G. (2025). Heart rate variability, hypnosis, and psychotherapy. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 50(2), 289-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-024-09679-6

Pavlacic, J.M., Buchanan, E.M., Maxwell, N.P., Hopke, T.G., & Schulenberg, S.E. (2019). A meta-analysis of expressive writing on posttraumatic stress, posttraumatic growth, and quality of life. Review of General Psychology, 23(2), 230-250. https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268019831645

Peixoto Pinto, T., Mello Russo Ramos, M., Lemos, T., Domingues Vargas, C., & Imbiriba, L.A. (2017). Is heart rate variability affected by distinct motor imagery strategies? Physiology & Behavior, 177, 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.05.004

Pennebaker, J.W. (2000). Telling stories: The health benefits of narrative. Literature and Medicine, 19(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2000.0011

Petrocchi, N., & Cheli, S. (2019). The social brain and heart rate variability: Implications for psychotherapy. Psychology and Psychotherapy, 92(2), 208-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12224

Pinna, T., & Edwards, D.J. (2020). A systematic review of associations between interoception, vagal tone, and emotional regulation: Potential applications for mental health, wellbeing, psychological flexibility, and chronic conditions. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1792. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01792

Redwine, L.S., Henry, B.L., Pung, M.A., Wilson, K., Chinh, K., Knight, B., Jain, S., Rutledge, T., Greenberg, B., Maisel, A., & Mills, P.J. (2016). Pilot randomized study of a gratitude journaling intervention on heart rate variability and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with stage B heart failure. Psychosomatic Medicine, 78(6), 667-676. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000316

Roddick, C.M., & Chen, F.S. (2021). Effects of chronic and state loneliness on heart rate variability in women. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 55(5), 460-475. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa065

Rupprecht, A.G.O., Tran, U.S., & Gröpel, P. (2021). The effectiveness of pre-performance routines in sports: A meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 39-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2021.1944271

Rusciano, A., Corradini, G., & Stoianov, I. (2017). Neuroplus biofeedback improves attention, resilience, and injury prevention in elite soccer players. Psychophysiology, 54(6), 916-926. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12847

Schwerdtfeger, A., Konermann, L., & Schonhofen, K. (2008). Self-efficacy as a health-protective resource in teachers? A biopsychological approach. Health Psychology, 27(3), 358-368. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.3.358

Scrimin, S., Patron, E., Ruli, E., Pagui, C.E.K., Altoè, G., & Mason, L. (2018). Dynamic psychophysiological correlates of a learning from text episode in relation to reading goals. Learning and Instruction, 54, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.01.007

Seeley, S.H., Yanez, B., Stanton, A.L., & Hoyt, M.A. (2017). An emotional processing writing intervention and heart rate variability: The role of emotional approach. Cognition and Emotion, 31(5), 988-994. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2016.1170667

Segerstrom, S.C., & Nes, L.S. (2007). Heart rate variability reflects self-regulatory strength, effort, and fatigue. Psychological Science, 18(3), 275-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01888.x

Shahrestani, S., Stewart, E.M., Quintana, D.S., Hickie, I.B., & Guastella, A.J. (2015). Heart rate variability during adolescent and adult social interactions: A meta-analysis. Biological Psychology, 105, 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.12.012

Simonsmeier, B.A., Androniea, M., Buecker, S., & Frank, C. (2020). The effects of imagery interventions in sports: A meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2020.1780627

Smith, T.W., Deits-Lebehn, C., Williams, P.G., Baucom, B.R.W., & Uchino, B.N. (2020). Toward a social psychophysiology of vagally mediated heart rate variability: Concepts and methods in self-regulation, emotion, and interpersonal processes. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 14(3), e12516. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12516

So, T.Y., Li, M.Y.E., & Lau, H. (2021). Between-subject correlation of heart rate variability predicts movie preferences. PLoS ONE, 16(2), e0247625. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247625

Spangler, D.P., Reis, H.T., Hsu, C.H., Zareba, W., & Lane, R.D. (2024). Emotional awareness is correlated with ambulatory heart rate variability: A replication and extension. Psychosomatic Medicine, 86(9), 768-773. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001329

Spiesshoefer, J., Becker, S., Tuleta, I., Mohr, M., Diller, G.P., Emdin, M., Florian, A.R., Yilmaz, A., Boentert, M., & Giannoni, A. (2019). Impact of simulated hyperventilation and periodic breathing on sympatho-vagal balance and hemodynamics in patients with and without heart failure. Respiration, 98(6), 482-494. https://doi.org/10.1159/000502155

Stark, R., Schienle, A., Walter, B., & Vaitl, D. (2000). Effects of paced respiration on heart period and heart period variability. Psychophysiology, 37(3), 302-309.

Terry, P.C., Karageorghis, C.I., Curran, M.L., Martin, O.V., & Parsons-Smith, R.L. (2020). Effects of music in exercise and sport: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(2), 91-117. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000216

Thayer, J.F., Hansen, A.L., Saus-Rose, E., & Johnsen, B.H. (2009). Heart rate variability, prefrontal neural function, and cognitive performance: The neurovisceral integration perspective on self-regulation, adaptation, and health. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9101-z

Thrash, T.M., & Elliot, A.J. (2003). Inspiration as a psychological construct. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 871-889. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.871

Toepfer, S.M., Cichy, K., & Peters, P. (2011). Letters of gratitude: Further evidence for author benefits. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(1), 187-201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9257-7

Toering, T.T., Elferink-Gemser, M.T., Jordet, G., & Visscher, C. (2009). Self-regulation and performance level of elite and non-elite youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 1509-1517. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903369919

Toth, A.J., McNeill, E., Hayes, K., Moran, A.P., & Campbell, M. (2020). Does mental practice still enhance performance? A 24 year follow-up and meta-analytic replication and extension. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 48, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101672

Train Effective. (2019, November 20). Setting goals to become a professional soccer player [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-mu0Oq5LFQ

Wang, X., Janiszewski, C., Zheng, Y., Laran, J., & Jang, W.E. (2021). Deriving mental energy from task completion. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 717414. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.717414

Webb, T.L., & Sheeran, P. (2003). Can implementation intentions help to overcome ego-depletion? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(3), 279-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1031(02)00527-9

Weinberg, R.S., & Gould, D. (2024). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (8th ed.). Human Kinetics.

Weng, H.Y., Feldman, J.L., Leggio, L., Napadow, V., Park, J., & Price, C.J. (2021). Interventions and manipulations of interoception. Trends in Neuroscience, 44(1), 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.010

Williamson, O., Swann, C., Bennett, K.J.M., Bird, M.D., Goddard, S.G., Schweickle, M.J., & Jackman, P.C. (2022). The performance and psychological effects of goal setting in sport: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2022.2116723

Wong, Y.J., Owen, J., Gabana, N.T., Brown, J.W., McInnis, S., Toth, P., & Gilman, L. (2018). Does gratitude writing improve the mental health of psychotherapy clients? Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy Research, 28(2), 192-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2016.1169332

Yijing, Z., Xiaoping, D., Fang, L., Xiaolu, J., & Bin, W. (2015). The effects of guided imagery on heart rate variability in simulated spaceflight emergency tasks performers. BioMed Research International, 2015, 687020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/687020

Yuksel, R., Ozcan, O., & Dane, S. (2013). The effects of hypnosis on heart rate variability. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 61(2), 162-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2013.753826

Zhang, N., Huang, J., & Yao, J. (2023). Athletes' self-compassion and emotional resilience to failure: The mediating role of vagal reactivity. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1192265. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1192265