chapter 8

Abaji, J.P., Curnier, D., Moore, R.D., & Ellemberg, D. (2016). Persisting effects of concussion on heart rate variability during physical exertion. Journal of Neurotrauma, 33(9), 811-817. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2015.3989

Ackermann, S.P., Raab, M., Backschat, S., Smith, D.J.C., Javelle, F., & Laborde, S. (2023). The diving response and cardiac vagal activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychophysiology, 60(3), e14183. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.14183

Al Haddad, H., Laursen, P.B., Ahmaidi, S., & Buchheit, M. (2010). Influence of cold water face immersion on post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(3), 599-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1253-9

Altini, M., & Plews, D. (2021). What is behind changes in resting heart rate and heart rate variability? A large-scale analysis of longitudinal measurements acquired in free-living. Sensors, 21(23), 7932. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237932

Barnett, A. (2006). Using recovery modalities between training sessions in elite athletes: Does it help? Sports Medicine,36(9), 781-796. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636090-00005

Baus, T.L., Ackermann, S.P., & Laborde, S. (2025). Effects of adding facial immersion to chest-level water immersion on vagally-mediated heart rate variability. Sports, 13(3), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13030064

Bieuzen, F., Bleakley, C.M., & Costello, J.T. (2013). Contrast water therapy and exercise induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 8(4), e62356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062356

Brown, F., Gissane, C., Howatson, G., van Someren, K., Pedlar, C., & Hill, J. (2017). Compression garments and recovery from exercise: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 47(11), 2245-2267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0728-9

Buchheit, M., & Laursen, P.B. (2013). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I. Cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Medicine, 43(5), 313-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0029-x

Buchheit, M., Laursen, P.B., Al Haddad, H., & Ahmaidi, S. (2009). Exercise-induced plasma volume expansion and post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 105(3), 471-481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0925-1

Cajochen, C., Munch, M., Kobialka, S., Krauchi, K., Steiner, R., Oelhafen, P., Orgul, S., & Wirz-Justice, A. (2005). High sensitivity of human melatonin, alertness, thermoregulation, and heart rate to short wavelength light. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 90(3), 1311-1316. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0957

Chauvineau, M., Pasquier, F., Guyot, V., Aloulou, A., & Nedelec, M. (2021). Effect of the depth of cold water immersion on sleep architecture and recovery among well-trained male endurance runners. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 659990. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.659990

Chellappa, S.L., Lasauskaite, R., & Cajochen, C. (2017). In a heartbeat: Light and cardiovascular physiology. Frontiers in Neurology, 8, 541. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2017.00541

Chen, S.R., Hou, W.H., Lai, J.N., Kwong, J.S.W., & Lin, P.C. (2022). Effects of acupressure on anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine, 28(1), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2020.0256

Cheung, K., Hume, P., & Maxwell, L. (2003). Delayed onset muscle soreness: Treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports Medicine, 33(2), 145-164. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333020-00005

Day, J., & Newman, J. (2020). The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on function outcome measures following muscle fatigue: A systematic review. Current Orthopaedic Practice, 31(4), 394-399. https://doi.org/10.1097/bco.0000000000000889

Farinatti, P.T., Brandao, C., Soares, P.P., & Duarte, A.F. (2011). Acute effects of stretching exercise on the heart rate variability in subjects with low flexibility levels. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(6), 1579-1585. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e06ce1

Ferreira, F.C., Vaz Padilha, M.C.S., Rocha, T., Lima, L.S., Carandina, A., Bellocchi, C., Tobaldini, E., Montano, N., Soares, P., & Rodrigues, G.D. (2023). Cardiovascular autonomic modulation during passive heating protocols: A systematic review. Physiological Measurement, 44(1), 01TR01. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/aca0d9

Figueiro, M.G., Plitnick, B., & Rea, M.S. (2014). The effects of chronotype, sleep schedule and light/dark pattern exposures on circadian phase. Sleep Medicine, 15(12), 1554-1564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2014.07.009

Flatt, A.A., Hornikel, B., & Esco, M.R. (2017). Heart rate variability and psychometric responses to overload and tapering in collegiate sprint-swimmers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(6), 606-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.10.017

Fullagar, H.H., Skorski, S., Duffield, R., Hammes, D., Coutts, A.J., & Meyer, T. (2015). Sleep and athletic performance: The effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Medicine,45(2), 161-186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0260-0

Gabbett, T.J. (2016). The training-injury prevention paradox: Should athletes be training smarter and harder? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(5), 273-280. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095788

Gerritsen, R.J.S., & Band, G.P.H. (2018). Breath of life: The respiratory vagal stimulation model of contemplative activity. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, 397. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00397

Gisselman, A.S., Baxter, G.D., Wright, A., Hegedus, E., & Tumilty, S. (2016). Musculoskeletal overuse injuries and heart rate variability: Is there a link? Medical Hypotheses, 87, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2015.12.003

Greenwood, J.D., Moses, G.E., Bernardino, F.M., Gaesser, G.A., & Weltman, A. (2008). Intensity of exercise recovery, blood lactate disappearance, and subsequent swimming performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(1), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701287263

Grilli Cadieux, E., Gemme, C., & Dupuis, G. (2021). Effects of yoga interventions on psychological health and performance of competitive athletes: A systematic review. Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 3(2), 158-166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-020-00104-y

Hackney, A.C. (2006). Stress and the neuroendocrine system: The role of exercise as a stressor and modifier of stress. Expert Review of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1(6), 783-792. https://doi.org/10.1586/17446651.1.6.783

Harrison, A., Lane-Cordova, A., La Fountaine, M.F., & Moore, R.D. (2022). Concussion history and heart rate variability during bouts of acute stress. Journal of Athletic Training, 57(8), 741-747. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0314.21

Heathcote, S.L., Hassmen, P., Zhou, S., & Stevens, C.J. (2018). Passive heating: Reviewing practical heat acclimation strategies for endurance athletes. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1851. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01851

Huang, M., Frantz, J., Moralez, G., Sabo, T., Davis, P.F., Davis, S.L., Bell, K.R., & Purkayastha, S. (2019). Reduced resting and increased elevation of heart rate variability with cognitive task performance in concussed athletes. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 34(1), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000409

Javelle, F., Bloch, W., Borges, U., Burberg, T., Collins, B., Gunasekara, N., Hosang, T.J., Jacobsen, T., Laborde, S., Low, A., Schenk, A., Schlagheck, M.L., Schoser, D., Vogel, A., Walzik, D., & Zimmer, P. (2024). Eight weeks of high-intensity interval training versus stretching do not change the psychoneuroendocrine response to a social stress test in emotionally impulsive humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology 124, 2893-2908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05471-w

Laborde, S., Allen, M.S., Borges, U., Dosseville, F., Hosang, T.J., Iskra, M., Mosley, E., Salvotti, C., Spolverato, L., Zammit, N., & Javelle, F. (2022). Effects of voluntary slow breathing on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 138, 104711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104711

Laborde, S., Hosang, T., Mosley, E., & Dosseville, F. (2019). Influence of a 30-day slow paced breathing intervention compared to social media use on subjective sleep quality and cardiac vagal activity. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(2), 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020193

Laborde, S., Lentes, T., Hosang, T.J., Borges, U., Mosley, E., & Dosseville, F. (2019). Influence of slow-paced breathing on inhibition after physical exertion. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1923. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01923

Laborde, S., Mosley, E., & Mertgen, A. (2018). Vagal tank theory: The three Rs of cardiac vagal control functioning—resting, reactivity, and recovery. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 458. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00458

Laborde, S., Wanders, J., Mosley, E., & Javelle, F. (2023). Influence of physical post-exercise recovery techniques on vagally-mediated heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12855

Laborde, S., Zammit, N., Iskra, M., Mosley, E., Borges, U., Allen, M.S., & Javelle, F. (2022). The influence of breathing techniques on physical sport performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(2), 1222-1277. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2022.2145573

Lastella, M., Lovell, G.P., & Sargent, C. (2014). Athletes' precompetitive sleep behaviour and its relationship with subsequent precompetitive mood and performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(Suppl. 1), S123-S130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.660505

Latino, F., Limone, P., Cassese, F.P., Martinez-Roig, R., Persico, A., & Tafuri, F. (2025). The role of heart rate variability in the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in female padel players. Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 22(3), 1350. https://doi.org/10.62617/mcb1350

Laukkanen, T., Lipponen, J., Kunutsor, S.K., Zaccardi, F., Araujo, C.G.S., Makikallio, T.H., Khan, H., Willeit, P., Lee, E., Poikonen, S., Tarvainen, M., & Laukkanen, J.A. (2019). Recovery from sauna bathing favorably modulates cardiac autonomic nervous system. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 45, 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.06.011

Leabeater, A.J., James, L.P., Huynh, M., Vleck, V., Plews, D.J., & Driller, M.W. (2022). All the gear: The prevalence and perceived effectiveness of recovery strategies used by triathletes. Performance Enhancement & Health, 10(4), 100235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peh.2022.100235

Lee, C.L., Cheng, C.-F., Lee, W.C., & Lin, J.C. (2007). The acute effects of inhaling different concentrations of oxygen on heart rate variability after exhaustive exercise. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 5(1), 56-64.

Lee, E., Ketelhut, S., Wiklund, P., Kostensalo, J., Kolunsarka, I., Hagglund, H., & Ahtiainen, J.P. (2025). Regular postexercise sauna bathing does not improve heart rate variability: A multi-arm randomized controlled trial. Physiological Reports, 13(13), e70449. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70449

Leicht, A.S., Ahmadian, M., & Nakamura, F.Y. (2020). Influence of lower body compression garments on cardiovascular autonomic responses prior to, during and following submaximal cycling exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 120(7), 1601-1607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04391-9

Leicht, A.S., Halliday, A., Sinclair, W.H., D'Auria, S., Buchheit, M., Kenny, G.P., & Stanley, J. (2018). Heart rate variability responses to acute and repeated postexercise sauna in trained cyclists. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 43(7), 704-710. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0581

Li, J., Zhang, K., Zhao, T., Huang, W., Hou, R., Wang, S., Zhao, M., & Guo, Y. (2024). Acupressure for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 92, 103884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103884

Li, Z., Jiang, W., Chen, Y., Wang, G., Yan, F., Zeng, T., & Fan, H. (2020). Acute and short-term efficacy of sauna treatment on cardiovascular function: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 20(2), 96-105. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515120944584

Lombardi, G., Ziemann, E., & Banfi, G. (2017). Whole-body cryotherapy in athletes: From therapy to stimulation. An updated review of the literature. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00258

Louis, J., Theurot, D., Filliard, J.R., Volondat, M., Dugue, B., & Dupuy, O. (2020). The use of whole-body cryotherapy: Time- and dose-response investigation on circulating blood catecholamines and heart rate variability. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 120(8), 1733-1743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04406-5

Luo, X., Ru, T., Chen, Q., Li, Y., Chen, Y., & Zhou, G. (2022). Influence of daytime blue-enriched bright light on heart rate variability in healthy subjects. Chronobiology International, 39(6), 826-835. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2022.2040526

Martins, V., Allen, M.S., Borges, U., Laterza, P., Jackovic, M., Mosley, E., Javelle, F., & Laborde, S. (2025). Effects of light exposure on vagally-mediated heart rate variability: A systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 176, 106241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106241

Meeusen, R., Duclos, M., Foster, C., Fry, A., Gleeson, M., Nieman, D., Raglin, J., Rietjens, G., Steinacker, J., Urhausen, A., European College of Sport Science, & American College of Sports Medicine. (2013). Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45(1), 186-205. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318279a10a

Menezes, M.A., Menezes, D.A., Vasconcelos, L.L., & DeSantana, J.M. (2022). Is electrical stimulation effective in preventing or treating delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in athletes and untrained adults? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Pain, 23(12), 2013-2035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2022.05.004

Mihailovic, T., Bouzigon, R., Bouillod, A., Grevillot, J., & Ravier, G. (2023). Post-exercise hyperbaric oxygenation improves recovery for subsequent performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 94(2), 427-434. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2021.2002797

Moore, E., Fuller, J.T., Buckley, J.D., Saunders, S., Halson, S.L., Broatch, J.R., & Bellenger, C.R. (2022). Impact of cold-water immersion compared with passive recovery following a single bout of strenuous exercise on athletic performance in physically active participants: A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. Sports Medicine, 52(7), 1667-1688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01644-9

Moyer, C.A., Rounds, J., & Hannum, J.W. (2004). A meta-analysis of massage therapy research. Psychological Bulletin,130(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.1.3

Moyer, C.A., Seefeldt, L., Mann, E.S., & Jackley, L.M. (2011). Does massage therapy reduce cortisol? A comprehensive quantitative review. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 15(1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.06.001

Mueck-Weymann, M., Janshoff, G., & Mueck, H. (2004). Stretching increases heart rate variability in healthy athletes complaining about limited muscular flexibility. Clinical Autonomic Research, 14(1), 15-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-004-0123-0

Nielsen, B., Hales, J.R., Strange, S., Christensen, N.J., Warberg, J., & Saltin, B. (1993). Human circulatory and thermoregulatory adaptations with heat acclimation and exercise in a hot, dry environment. The Journal of Physiology,460, 467-485. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019482

Normand-Gravier, T., Solsona, R., Dablainville, V., Racinais, S., Borrani, F., Bernardi, H., & Sanchez, A.M.J. (2025). Effects of thermal interventions on skeletal muscle adaptations and regeneration: Perspectives on epigenetics: A narrative review. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 125(2), 277-301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05642-9

Paniccia, M., Taha, T., Keightley, M., Thomas, S., Verweel, L., Murphy, J., Wilson, K., & Reed, N. (2018). Autonomic function following concussion in youth athletes: An exploration of heart rate variability using 24-hour recording methodology. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 139, e58203. https://doi.org/10.3791/58203

Park, S.H., Park, S.J., Shin, M.S., & Kim, C.K. (2018). The effects of low-pressure hyperbaric oxygen treatment before and after maximal exercise on lactate concentration, heart rate recovery, and antioxidant capacity. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 14(6), 980-984. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1836468.234

Patil, S.G., Mullur, L.M., Khodnapur, J.P., Dhanakshirur, G.B., & Aithala, M.R. (2013). Effect of yoga on short-term heart rate variability measure as a stress index in subjunior cyclists: A pilot study. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57(2), 153-158.

Perez-Gaido, M., Lalanza, J.F., Parrado, E., & Capdevila, L. (2021). Can HRV biofeedback improve short-term effort recovery? Implications for intermittent load sports. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 46(2), 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-020-09495-8

Petrowski, K., Mekschrat, L., Buhrer, S., Siepmann, M., Albus, C., & Schmalbach, B. (2023). Effects of post-awakening light exposure on heart rate variability in healthy male individuals. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 48(3), 311-321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-023-09581-7

Plews, D.J., Laursen, P.B., Stanley, J., Kilding, A.E., & Buchheit, M. (2013). Training adaptation and heart rate variability in elite endurance athletes: Opening the door to effective monitoring. Sports Medicine, 43, 773-781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0071-8

Polsgrove, M.J., Eggleston, B.M., & Lockyer, R.J. (2016). Impact of 10-weeks of yoga practice on flexibility and balance of college athletes. International Journal of Yoga, 9(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6131.171710

Posadzki, P., Kuzdzal, A., Lee, M.S., & Ernst, E. (2015). Yoga for heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 40(3), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-015-9291-z

Reussner, A.K., Bursik, J., Kuhnle, F., Thiel, A., & John, J.M. (2024). The meaning of injury to the elite athlete: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 71, 102571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102571

Rojas, J.C., & Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2011). Low-level light therapy of the eye and brain. Eye and Brain, 3, 49-67. https://doi.org/10.2147/EB.S21391

Rollo, S., Tracey, J., & Prapavessis, H. (2017). Effects of a heart rate variability biofeedback intervention on athletes psychological responses following injury: A pilot study. International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine, 3(6), 081. https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5718/1510081

Sandercock, G.R., Grocott-Mason, R., & Brodie, D.A. (2007). Changes in short-term measures of heart rate variability after eight weeks of cardiac rehabilitation. Clinical Autonomic Research, 17(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-007-0392-5

Sanders, D., Spindler, D.J., & Stanley, J. (2022). The multidisciplinary physical preparation of a multiple Paralympic medal-winning cyclist. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(8), 1316-1322. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2022-0039

Schrempft, S., Baysson, H., Chessa, A., Lorthe, E., Zaballa, M.E., Stringhini, S., Guessous, I., Nehme, M., & The Specchio Study Group. (2024). Associations between bedtime media use and sleep outcomes in an adult population-based cohort. Sleep Medicine, 121, 226-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2024.06.029

Seiler, S., Haugen, O., & Kuffel, E. (2007). Autonomic recovery after exercise in trained athletes: Intensity and duration effects. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(8), 1366-1373. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318060f17d

Senthinathan, A., Mainwaring, L.M., & Hutchison, M. (2017). Heart rate variability of athletes across concussion recovery milestones: A preliminary study. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 27(3), 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000337

Shellock, F.G., & Prentice, W.E. (1985). Warming-up and stretching for improved physical performance and prevention of sports-related injuries. Sports Medicine, 2(4), 267-278. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198502040-00004

Shin, S. (2021). Meta-analysis of the effect of yoga practice on physical fitness in the elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111663

Silvani, M.I., Werder, R., & Perret, C. (2022). The influence of blue light on sleep, performance and wellbeing in young adults: A systematic review. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 943108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.943108

Stanley, J., Halliday, A., D'Auria, S., Buchheit, M., & Leicht, A.S. (2015). Effect of sauna-based heat acclimation on plasma volume and heart rate variability. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 115(4), 785-794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-3060-1

Stanley, J., Peake, J.M., & Buchheit, M. (2013a). Cardiac parasympathetic reactivation following exercise: Implications for training prescription. Sports Medicine, 43(12), 1259-1277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0083-4

Stanley, J., Peake, J.M., & Buchheit, M. (2013b). Consecutive days of cold water immersion: Effects on cycling performance and heart rate variability. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(2), 371-384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2445-2

Stephens, J.M., Halson, S., Miller, J., Slater, G.J., & Askew, C.D. (2017). Cold-water immersion for athletic recovery: One size does not fit all. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(1), 2-9. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0095

Trinh, D.T., Nguyen, N.C., Tran, A.H., Bui, M.P., & Vuong, N.L. (2024). Enhancing vagal tone, modulating heart rate variability with auricular acupressure at point zero: A randomized controlled trial. Medical Acupuncture, 36(4), 203-214. https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2024.0001

Tygesen, H., Wettervik, C., & Wennerblom, B. (2001). Intensive home-based exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation increases exercise capacity and heart rate variability. International Journal of Cardiology, 79(2-3), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5273(01)00414-4

von Rosen, P., Frohm, A., Kottorp, A., Friden, C., & Heijne, A. (2017). Multiple factors explain injury risk in adolescent elite athletes: Applying a biopsychosocial perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 27(12), 2059-2069. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12855

Walsh, N.P., Halson, S.L., Sargent, C., Roach, G.D., Nedelec, M., Gupta, L., Leeder, J., Fullagar, H.H., Coutts, A.J., Edwards, B.J., Pullinger, S.A., Robertson, C.M., Burniston, J.G., Lastella, M., Le Meur, Y., Hausswirth, C., Bender, A.M., Grandner, M.A., & Samuels, C.H. (2020). Sleep and the athlete: Narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations. British Journal of Sports Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102025

Warneke, K., Thomas, E., Blazevich, A.J., Afonso, J., Behm, D.G., Marchetti, P.H., Trajano, G.S., Nakamura, M., Ayala, F., Longo, S., Babault, N., Freitas, S.R., Costa, P.B., Konrad, A., Nordez, A., Nelson, A., Zech, A., Kay, A.D., Donti, O., & Wilke, J. (2025). Practical recommendations on stretching exercise: A Delphi consensus statement of international research experts. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 14, 101067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101067

Weerapong, P., Hume, P.A., & Kolt, G.S. (2005). The mechanisms of massage and effects on performance, muscle recovery and injury prevention. Sports Medicine, 35(3), 235-256. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535030-00004

Weerapong, P., Hume, P.A., & Kolt, G.S. (2013). Stretching: Mechanisms and benefits for sport performance and injury prevention. Physical Therapy Reviews, 9(4), 189-206. https://doi.org/10.1179/108331904225007078

Williams, S., Booton, T., Watson, M., Rowland, D., & Altini, M. (2017). Heart rate variability is a moderating factor in the workload-injury relationship of competitive CrossFit™ athletes. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 16(4), 443-449.

Wong, A., & Figueroa, A. (2021). Effects of acute stretching exercise and training on heart rate variability: A review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(5), 1459-1466. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003084

Yilmaz, E., Aktop, A., Abdioglu, A., Melekoglu, T., & Nalbant, M. (2025). The effect of heart rate variability biofeedback on recovery after aerobic exercise. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 50(1), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-024-09672-z

Zhong, C., Masters, M., Donzella, S.M., Diver, W.R., & Patel, A.V. (2025). Electronic screen use and sleep duration and timing in adults. JAMA Network Open, 8(3), e252493. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.2493

Zvetkova, E., Koytchev, E., Ivanov, I., Ranchev, S., & Antonov, A. (2023). Biomechanical, healing and therapeutic effects of stretching: A comprehensive review. Applied Sciences, 13(15), 8596. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158596